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+<a name="caf_005freference_005ft-1"></a>
+<h4 class="subsection">7.1.4 <code>caf_reference_t</code></h4>
+
+<p>The structure used for implementing arbitrary reference chains.
+A <code>CAF_REFERENCE_T</code> allows to specify a component reference or any kind
+of array reference of any rank supported by gfortran. For array references all
+kinds as known by the compiler/Fortran standard are supported indicated by
+a <code>MODE</code>.
+</p>
+<pre class="verbatim">typedef enum caf_ref_type_t {
+ /* Reference a component of a derived type, either regular one or an
+ allocatable or pointer type. For regular ones idx in caf_reference_t is
+ set to -1. */
+ CAF_REF_COMPONENT,
+ /* Reference an allocatable array. */
+ CAF_REF_ARRAY,
+ /* Reference a non-allocatable/non-pointer array. I.e., the coarray object
+ has no array descriptor associated and the addressing is done
+ completely using the ref. */
+ CAF_REF_STATIC_ARRAY
+} caf_ref_type_t;
+</pre>
+<pre class="verbatim">typedef enum caf_array_ref_t {
+ /* No array ref. This terminates the array ref. */
+ CAF_ARR_REF_NONE = 0,
+ /* Reference array elements given by a vector. Only for this mode
+ caf_reference_t.u.a.dim[i].v is valid. */
+ CAF_ARR_REF_VECTOR,
+ /* A full array ref (:). */
+ CAF_ARR_REF_FULL,
+ /* Reference a range on elements given by start, end and stride. */
+ CAF_ARR_REF_RANGE,
+ /* Only a single item is referenced given in the start member. */
+ CAF_ARR_REF_SINGLE,
+ /* An array ref of the kind (i:), where i is an arbitrary valid index in the
+ array. The index i is given in the start member. */
+ CAF_ARR_REF_OPEN_END,
+ /* An array ref of the kind (:i), where the lower bound of the array ref
+ is given by the remote side. The index i is given in the end member. */
+ CAF_ARR_REF_OPEN_START
+} caf_array_ref_t;
+</pre>
+<pre class="verbatim">/* References to remote components of a derived type. */
+typedef struct caf_reference_t {
+ /* A pointer to the next ref or NULL. */
+ struct caf_reference_t *next;
+ /* The type of the reference. */
+ /* caf_ref_type_t, replaced by int to allow specification in fortran FE. */
+ int type;
+ /* The size of an item referenced in bytes. I.e. in an array ref this is
+ the factor to advance the array pointer with to get to the next item.
+ For component refs this gives just the size of the element referenced. */
+ size_t item_size;
+ union {
+ struct {
+ /* The offset (in bytes) of the component in the derived type.
+ Unused for allocatable or pointer components. */
+ ptrdiff_t offset;
+ /* The offset (in bytes) to the caf_token associated with this
+ component. NULL, when not allocatable/pointer ref. */
+ ptrdiff_t caf_token_offset;
+ } c;
+ struct {
+ /* The mode of the array ref. See CAF_ARR_REF_*. */
+ /* caf_array_ref_t, replaced by unsigend char to allow specification in
+ fortran FE. */
+ unsigned char mode[GFC_MAX_DIMENSIONS];
+ /* The type of a static array. Unset for array's with descriptors. */
+ int static_array_type;
+ /* Subscript refs (s) or vector refs (v). */
+ union {
+ struct {
+ /* The start and end boundary of the ref and the stride. */
+ index_type start, end, stride;
+ } s;
+ struct {
+ /* nvec entries of kind giving the elements to reference. */
+ void *vector;
+ /* The number of entries in vector. */
+ size_t nvec;
+ /* The integer kind used for the elements in vector. */
+ int kind;
+ } v;
+ } dim[GFC_MAX_DIMENSIONS];
+ } a;
+ } u;
+} caf_reference_t;
+</pre>
+<p>The references make up a single linked list of reference operations. The
+<code>NEXT</code> member links to the next reference or NULL to indicate the end of
+the chain. Component and array refs can be arbitrarily mixed as long as they
+comply to the Fortran standard.
+</p>
+<p><em>NOTES</em>
+The member <code>STATIC_ARRAY_TYPE</code> is used only when the <code>TYPE</code> is
+<code>CAF_REF_STATIC_ARRAY</code>. The member gives the type of the data referenced.
+Because no array descriptor is available for a descriptor-less array and
+type conversion still needs to take place the type is transported here.
+</p>
+<p>At the moment <code>CAF_ARR_REF_VECTOR</code> is not implemented in the front end for
+descriptor-less arrays. The library caf_single has untested support for it.
+</p>
+<hr>
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