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diff --git a/share/doc/gcc/Bound-member-functions.html b/share/doc/gcc/Bound-member-functions.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..55e1eb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/share/doc/gcc/Bound-member-functions.html @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> +<html> +<!-- This file documents the use of the GNU compilers. + +Copyright (C) 1988-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + +Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document +under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or +any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the +Invariant Sections being "Funding Free Software", the Front-Cover +Texts being (a) (see below), and with the Back-Cover Texts being (b) +(see below). A copy of the license is included in the section entitled +"GNU Free Documentation License". + +(a) The FSF's Front-Cover Text is: + +A GNU Manual + +(b) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: + +You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU + software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise + funds for GNU development. --> +<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 5.1, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ --> +<head> +<title>Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC): Bound member functions</title> + +<meta name="description" content="Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC): Bound member functions"> +<meta name="keywords" content="Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC): Bound member functions"> +<meta name="resource-type" content="document"> +<meta name="distribution" content="global"> +<meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo"> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> +<link href="index.html#Top" rel="start" title="Top"> +<link href="Indices.html#Indices" rel="index" title="Indices"> +<link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"> +<link href="C_002b_002b-Extensions.html#C_002b_002b-Extensions" rel="up" title="C++ Extensions"> +<link href="C_002b_002b-Attributes.html#C_002b_002b-Attributes" rel="next" title="C++ Attributes"> +<link href="Template-Instantiation.html#Template-Instantiation" rel="previous" title="Template Instantiation"> +<style type="text/css"> +<!-- +a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none} +blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller} +div.display {margin-left: 3.2em} +div.example {margin-left: 3.2em} +div.indentedblock {margin-left: 3.2em} +div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em} +div.smalldisplay {margin-left: 3.2em} +div.smallexample {margin-left: 3.2em} +div.smallindentedblock {margin-left: 3.2em; font-size: smaller} +div.smalllisp {margin-left: 3.2em} +kbd {font-style:oblique} +pre.display {font-family: inherit} +pre.format {font-family: inherit} +pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif} +pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif} +pre.smalldisplay {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} +pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller} +pre.smallformat {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} +pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller} +span.nocodebreak {white-space:nowrap} +span.nolinebreak {white-space:nowrap} +span.roman {font-family:serif; font-weight:normal} +span.sansserif {font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal} +ul.no-bullet {list-style: none} +--> +</style> + + +</head> + +<body lang="en_US" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000"> +<a name="Bound-member-functions"></a> +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="C_002b_002b-Attributes.html#C_002b_002b-Attributes" accesskey="n" rel="next">C++ Attributes</a>, Previous: <a href="Template-Instantiation.html#Template-Instantiation" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Template Instantiation</a>, Up: <a href="C_002b_002b-Extensions.html#C_002b_002b-Extensions" accesskey="u" rel="up">C++ Extensions</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Indices.html#Indices" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> +</div> +<hr> +<a name="Extracting-the-Function-Pointer-from-a-Bound-Pointer-to-Member-Function"></a> +<h3 class="section">7.6 Extracting the Function Pointer from a Bound Pointer to Member Function</h3> +<a name="index-pmf"></a> +<a name="index-pointer-to-member-function"></a> +<a name="index-bound-pointer-to-member-function"></a> + +<p>In C++, pointer to member functions (PMFs) are implemented using a wide +pointer of sorts to handle all the possible call mechanisms; the PMF +needs to store information about how to adjust the ‘<samp>this</samp>’ pointer, +and if the function pointed to is virtual, where to find the vtable, and +where in the vtable to look for the member function. If you are using +PMFs in an inner loop, you should really reconsider that decision. If +that is not an option, you can extract the pointer to the function that +would be called for a given object/PMF pair and call it directly inside +the inner loop, to save a bit of time. +</p> +<p>Note that you still pay the penalty for the call through a +function pointer; on most modern architectures, such a call defeats the +branch prediction features of the CPU. This is also true of normal +virtual function calls. +</p> +<p>The syntax for this extension is +</p> +<div class="smallexample"> +<pre class="smallexample">extern A a; +extern int (A::*fp)(); +typedef int (*fptr)(A *); + +fptr p = (fptr)(a.*fp); +</pre></div> + +<p>For PMF constants (i.e. expressions of the form ‘<samp>&Klasse::Member</samp>’), +no object is needed to obtain the address of the function. They can be +converted to function pointers directly: +</p> +<div class="smallexample"> +<pre class="smallexample">fptr p1 = (fptr)(&A::foo); +</pre></div> + +<a name="index-Wno_002dpmf_002dconversions-1"></a> +<p>You must specify <samp>-Wno-pmf-conversions</samp> to use this extension. +</p> + + + +</body> +</html> |