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| author | alk3pInjection <webmaster@raspii.tech> | 2024-02-04 16:16:35 +0800 |
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| committer | alk3pInjection <webmaster@raspii.tech> | 2024-02-04 16:16:35 +0800 |
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diff --git a/share/doc/gdb/Set-Catchpoints.html b/share/doc/gdb/Set-Catchpoints.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5cfc19a --- /dev/null +++ b/share/doc/gdb/Set-Catchpoints.html @@ -0,0 +1,434 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> +<html> +<!-- Copyright (C) 1988-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + +Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document +under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or +any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the +Invariant Sections being "Free Software" and "Free Software Needs +Free Documentation", with the Front-Cover Texts being "A GNU Manual," +and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. + +(a) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: "You are free to copy and modify +this GNU Manual. Buying copies from GNU Press supports the FSF in +developing GNU and promoting software freedom." --> +<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 5.1, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ --> +<head> +<title>Debugging with GDB: Set Catchpoints</title> + +<meta name="description" content="Debugging with GDB: Set Catchpoints"> +<meta name="keywords" content="Debugging with GDB: Set Catchpoints"> +<meta name="resource-type" content="document"> +<meta name="distribution" content="global"> +<meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo"> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> +<link href="index.html#Top" rel="start" title="Top"> +<link href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" rel="index" title="Concept Index"> +<link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"> +<link href="Breakpoints.html#Breakpoints" rel="up" title="Breakpoints"> +<link href="Delete-Breaks.html#Delete-Breaks" rel="next" title="Delete Breaks"> +<link href="Set-Watchpoints.html#Set-Watchpoints" rel="previous" title="Set Watchpoints"> +<style type="text/css"> +<!-- +a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none} +blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller} +div.display {margin-left: 3.2em} +div.example {margin-left: 3.2em} +div.indentedblock {margin-left: 3.2em} +div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em} +div.smalldisplay {margin-left: 3.2em} +div.smallexample {margin-left: 3.2em} +div.smallindentedblock {margin-left: 3.2em; font-size: smaller} +div.smalllisp {margin-left: 3.2em} +kbd {font-style:oblique} +pre.display {font-family: inherit} +pre.format {font-family: inherit} +pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif} +pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif} +pre.smalldisplay {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} +pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller} +pre.smallformat {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} +pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller} +span.nocodebreak {white-space:nowrap} +span.nolinebreak {white-space:nowrap} +span.roman {font-family:serif; font-weight:normal} +span.sansserif {font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal} +ul.no-bullet {list-style: none} +--> +</style> + + +</head> + +<body lang="en" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000"> +<a name="Set-Catchpoints"></a> +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="Delete-Breaks.html#Delete-Breaks" accesskey="n" rel="next">Delete Breaks</a>, Previous: <a href="Set-Watchpoints.html#Set-Watchpoints" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Set Watchpoints</a>, Up: <a href="Breakpoints.html#Breakpoints" accesskey="u" rel="up">Breakpoints</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> +</div> +<hr> +<a name="Setting-Catchpoints"></a> +<h4 class="subsection">5.1.3 Setting Catchpoints</h4> +<a name="index-catchpoints_002c-setting"></a> +<a name="index-exception-handlers"></a> +<a name="index-event-handling"></a> + +<p>You can use <em>catchpoints</em> to cause the debugger to stop for certain +kinds of program events, such as C<tt>++</tt> exceptions or the loading of a +shared library. Use the <code>catch</code> command to set a catchpoint. +</p> +<dl compact="compact"> +<dd><a name="index-catch"></a> +</dd> +<dt><code>catch <var>event</var></code></dt> +<dd><p>Stop when <var>event</var> occurs. The <var>event</var> can be any of the following: +</p> +<dl compact="compact"> +<dt><code>throw <span class="roman">[</span><var>regexp</var><span class="roman">]</span></code></dt> +<dt><code>rethrow <span class="roman">[</span><var>regexp</var><span class="roman">]</span></code></dt> +<dt><code>catch <span class="roman">[</span><var>regexp</var><span class="roman">]</span></code></dt> +<dd><a name="index-catch-throw"></a> +<a name="index-catch-rethrow"></a> +<a name="index-catch-catch"></a> +<a name="index-stop-on-C_002b_002b-exceptions"></a> +<p>The throwing, re-throwing, or catching of a C<tt>++</tt> exception. +</p> +<p>If <var>regexp</var> is given, then only exceptions whose type matches the +regular expression will be caught. +</p> +<a name="index-_0024_005fexception_002c-convenience-variable"></a> +<p>The convenience variable <code>$_exception</code> is available at an +exception-related catchpoint, on some systems. This holds the +exception being thrown. +</p> +<p>There are currently some limitations to C<tt>++</tt> exception handling in +<small>GDB</small>: +</p> +<ul> +<li> The support for these commands is system-dependent. Currently, only +systems using the ‘<samp>gnu-v3</samp>’ C<tt>++</tt> ABI (see <a href="ABI.html#ABI">ABI</a>) are +supported. + +</li><li> The regular expression feature and the <code>$_exception</code> convenience +variable rely on the presence of some SDT probes in <code>libstdc++</code>. +If these probes are not present, then these features cannot be used. +These probes were first available in the GCC 4.8 release, but whether +or not they are available in your GCC also depends on how it was +built. + +</li><li> The <code>$_exception</code> convenience variable is only valid at the +instruction at which an exception-related catchpoint is set. + +</li><li> When an exception-related catchpoint is hit, <small>GDB</small> stops at a +location in the system library which implements runtime exception +support for C<tt>++</tt>, usually <code>libstdc++</code>. You can use <code>up</code> +(see <a href="Selection.html#Selection">Selection</a>) to get to your code. + +</li><li> If you call a function interactively, <small>GDB</small> normally returns +control to you when the function has finished executing. If the call +raises an exception, however, the call may bypass the mechanism that +returns control to you and cause your program either to abort or to +simply continue running until it hits a breakpoint, catches a signal +that <small>GDB</small> is listening for, or exits. This is the case even if +you set a catchpoint for the exception; catchpoints on exceptions are +disabled within interactive calls. See <a href="Calling.html#Calling">Calling</a>, for information on +controlling this with <code>set unwind-on-terminating-exception</code>. + +</li><li> You cannot raise an exception interactively. + +</li><li> You cannot install an exception handler interactively. +</li></ul> + +</dd> +<dt><code>exception <span class="roman">[</span><var>name</var><span class="roman">]</span></code></dt> +<dd><a name="index-catch-exception"></a> +<a name="index-Ada-exception-catching"></a> +<a name="index-catch-Ada-exceptions"></a> +<p>An Ada exception being raised. If an exception name is specified +at the end of the command (eg <code>catch exception Program_Error</code>), +the debugger will stop only when this specific exception is raised. +Otherwise, the debugger stops execution when any Ada exception is raised. +</p> +<p>When inserting an exception catchpoint on a user-defined exception whose +name is identical to one of the exceptions defined by the language, the +fully qualified name must be used as the exception name. Otherwise, +<small>GDB</small> will assume that it should stop on the pre-defined exception +rather than the user-defined one. For instance, assuming an exception +called <code>Constraint_Error</code> is defined in package <code>Pck</code>, then +the command to use to catch such exceptions is <kbd>catch exception +Pck.Constraint_Error</kbd>. +</p> +<a name="index-_0024_005fada_005fexception_002c-convenience-variable"></a> +<p>The convenience variable <code>$_ada_exception</code> holds the address of +the exception being thrown. This can be useful when setting a +condition for such a catchpoint. +</p> +</dd> +<dt><code>exception unhandled</code></dt> +<dd><a name="index-catch-exception-unhandled"></a> +<p>An exception that was raised but is not handled by the program. The +convenience variable <code>$_ada_exception</code> is set as for <code>catch +exception</code>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt><code>handlers <span class="roman">[</span><var>name</var><span class="roman">]</span></code></dt> +<dd><a name="index-catch-handlers"></a> +<a name="index-Ada-exception-handlers-catching"></a> +<a name="index-catch-Ada-exceptions-when-handled"></a> +<p>An Ada exception being handled. If an exception name is +specified at the end of the command + (eg <kbd>catch handlers Program_Error</kbd>), the debugger will stop +only when this specific exception is handled. +Otherwise, the debugger stops execution when any Ada exception is handled. +</p> +<p>When inserting a handlers catchpoint on a user-defined +exception whose name is identical to one of the exceptions +defined by the language, the fully qualified name must be used +as the exception name. Otherwise, <small>GDB</small> will assume that it +should stop on the pre-defined exception rather than the +user-defined one. For instance, assuming an exception called + <code>Constraint_Error</code> is defined in package <code>Pck</code>, then the +command to use to catch such exceptions handling is +<kbd>catch handlers Pck.Constraint_Error</kbd>. +</p> +<p>The convenience variable <code>$_ada_exception</code> is set as for +<code>catch exception</code>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt><code>assert</code></dt> +<dd><a name="index-catch-assert"></a> +<p>A failed Ada assertion. Note that the convenience variable +<code>$_ada_exception</code> is <em>not</em> set by this catchpoint. +</p> +</dd> +<dt><code>exec</code></dt> +<dd><a name="index-catch-exec"></a> +<a name="index-break-on-fork_002fexec"></a> +<p>A call to <code>exec</code>. +</p> +<a name="catch-syscall"></a></dd> +<dt><code>syscall</code></dt> +<dt><code>syscall <span class="roman">[</span><var>name</var> <span class="roman">|</span> <var>number</var> <span class="roman">|</span> <span class="roman">group:</span><var>groupname</var> <span class="roman">|</span> <span class="roman">g:</span><var>groupname</var><span class="roman">]</span> …</code></dt> +<dd><a name="index-catch-syscall"></a> +<a name="index-break-on-a-system-call_002e"></a> +<p>A call to or return from a system call, a.k.a. <em>syscall</em>. A +syscall is a mechanism for application programs to request a service +from the operating system (OS) or one of the OS system services. +<small>GDB</small> can catch some or all of the syscalls issued by the +debuggee, and show the related information for each syscall. If no +argument is specified, calls to and returns from all system calls +will be caught. +</p> +<p><var>name</var> can be any system call name that is valid for the +underlying OS. Just what syscalls are valid depends on the OS. On +GNU and Unix systems, you can find the full list of valid syscall +names on <samp>/usr/include/asm/unistd.h</samp>. +</p> + +<p>Normally, <small>GDB</small> knows in advance which syscalls are valid for +each OS, so you can use the <small>GDB</small> command-line completion +facilities (see <a href="Completion.html#Completion">command completion</a>) to list the +available choices. +</p> +<p>You may also specify the system call numerically. A syscall’s +number is the value passed to the OS’s syscall dispatcher to +identify the requested service. When you specify the syscall by its +name, <small>GDB</small> uses its database of syscalls to convert the name +into the corresponding numeric code, but using the number directly +may be useful if <small>GDB</small>’s database does not have the complete +list of syscalls on your system (e.g., because <small>GDB</small> lags +behind the OS upgrades). +</p> +<p>You may specify a group of related syscalls to be caught at once using +the <code>group:</code> syntax (<code>g:</code> is a shorter equivalent). For +instance, on some platforms <small>GDB</small> allows you to catch all +network related syscalls, by passing the argument <code>group:network</code> +to <code>catch syscall</code>. Note that not all syscall groups are +available in every system. You can use the command completion +facilities (see <a href="Completion.html#Completion">command completion</a>) to list the +syscall groups available on your environment. +</p> +<p>The example below illustrates how this command works if you don’t provide +arguments to it: +</p> +<div class="smallexample"> +<pre class="smallexample">(gdb) catch syscall +Catchpoint 1 (syscall) +(gdb) r +Starting program: /tmp/catch-syscall + +Catchpoint 1 (call to syscall 'close'), \ + 0xffffe424 in __kernel_vsyscall () +(gdb) c +Continuing. + +Catchpoint 1 (returned from syscall 'close'), \ + 0xffffe424 in __kernel_vsyscall () +(gdb) +</pre></div> + +<p>Here is an example of catching a system call by name: +</p> +<div class="smallexample"> +<pre class="smallexample">(gdb) catch syscall chroot +Catchpoint 1 (syscall 'chroot' [61]) +(gdb) r +Starting program: /tmp/catch-syscall + +Catchpoint 1 (call to syscall 'chroot'), \ + 0xffffe424 in __kernel_vsyscall () +(gdb) c +Continuing. + +Catchpoint 1 (returned from syscall 'chroot'), \ + 0xffffe424 in __kernel_vsyscall () +(gdb) +</pre></div> + +<p>An example of specifying a system call numerically. In the case +below, the syscall number has a corresponding entry in the XML +file, so <small>GDB</small> finds its name and prints it: +</p> +<div class="smallexample"> +<pre class="smallexample">(gdb) catch syscall 252 +Catchpoint 1 (syscall(s) 'exit_group') +(gdb) r +Starting program: /tmp/catch-syscall + +Catchpoint 1 (call to syscall 'exit_group'), \ + 0xffffe424 in __kernel_vsyscall () +(gdb) c +Continuing. + +Program exited normally. +(gdb) +</pre></div> + +<p>Here is an example of catching a syscall group: +</p> +<div class="smallexample"> +<pre class="smallexample">(gdb) catch syscall group:process +Catchpoint 1 (syscalls 'exit' [1] 'fork' [2] 'waitpid' [7] +'execve' [11] 'wait4' [114] 'clone' [120] 'vfork' [190] +'exit_group' [252] 'waitid' [284] 'unshare' [310]) +(gdb) r +Starting program: /tmp/catch-syscall + +Catchpoint 1 (call to syscall fork), 0x00007ffff7df4e27 in open64 () + from /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 + +(gdb) c +Continuing. +</pre></div> + +<p>However, there can be situations when there is no corresponding name +in XML file for that syscall number. In this case, <small>GDB</small> prints +a warning message saying that it was not able to find the syscall name, +but the catchpoint will be set anyway. See the example below: +</p> +<div class="smallexample"> +<pre class="smallexample">(gdb) catch syscall 764 +warning: The number '764' does not represent a known syscall. +Catchpoint 2 (syscall 764) +(gdb) +</pre></div> + +<p>If you configure <small>GDB</small> using the ‘<samp>--without-expat</samp>’ option, +it will not be able to display syscall names. Also, if your +architecture does not have an XML file describing its system calls, +you will not be able to see the syscall names. It is important to +notice that these two features are used for accessing the syscall +name database. In either case, you will see a warning like this: +</p> +<div class="smallexample"> +<pre class="smallexample">(gdb) catch syscall +warning: Could not open "syscalls/i386-linux.xml" +warning: Could not load the syscall XML file 'syscalls/i386-linux.xml'. +GDB will not be able to display syscall names. +Catchpoint 1 (syscall) +(gdb) +</pre></div> + +<p>Of course, the file name will change depending on your architecture and system. +</p> +<p>Still using the example above, you can also try to catch a syscall by its +number. In this case, you would see something like: +</p> +<div class="smallexample"> +<pre class="smallexample">(gdb) catch syscall 252 +Catchpoint 1 (syscall(s) 252) +</pre></div> + +<p>Again, in this case <small>GDB</small> would not be able to display syscall’s names. +</p> +</dd> +<dt><code>fork</code></dt> +<dd><a name="index-catch-fork"></a> +<p>A call to <code>fork</code>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt><code>vfork</code></dt> +<dd><a name="index-catch-vfork"></a> +<p>A call to <code>vfork</code>. +</p> +</dd> +<dt><code>load <span class="roman">[</span><var>regexp</var><span class="roman">]</span></code></dt> +<dt><code>unload <span class="roman">[</span><var>regexp</var><span class="roman">]</span></code></dt> +<dd><a name="index-catch-load"></a> +<a name="index-catch-unload"></a> +<p>The loading or unloading of a shared library. If <var>regexp</var> is +given, then the catchpoint will stop only if the regular expression +matches one of the affected libraries. +</p> +</dd> +<dt><code>signal <span class="roman">[</span><var>signal</var>… <span class="roman">|</span> ‘<samp>all</samp>’<span class="roman">]</span></code></dt> +<dd><a name="index-catch-signal"></a> +<p>The delivery of a signal. +</p> +<p>With no arguments, this catchpoint will catch any signal that is not +used internally by <small>GDB</small>, specifically, all signals except +‘<samp>SIGTRAP</samp>’ and ‘<samp>SIGINT</samp>’. +</p> +<p>With the argument ‘<samp>all</samp>’, all signals, including those used by +<small>GDB</small>, will be caught. This argument cannot be used with other +signal names. +</p> +<p>Otherwise, the arguments are a list of signal names as given to +<code>handle</code> (see <a href="Signals.html#Signals">Signals</a>). Only signals specified in this list +will be caught. +</p> +<p>One reason that <code>catch signal</code> can be more useful than +<code>handle</code> is that you can attach commands and conditions to the +catchpoint. +</p> +<p>When a signal is caught by a catchpoint, the signal’s <code>stop</code> and +<code>print</code> settings, as specified by <code>handle</code>, are ignored. +However, whether the signal is still delivered to the inferior depends +on the <code>pass</code> setting; this can be changed in the catchpoint’s +commands. +</p> +</dd> +</dl> + +</dd> +<dt><code>tcatch <var>event</var></code></dt> +<dd><a name="index-tcatch"></a> +<p>Set a catchpoint that is enabled only for one stop. The catchpoint is +automatically deleted after the first time the event is caught. +</p> +</dd> +</dl> + +<p>Use the <code>info break</code> command to list the current catchpoints. +</p> + +<hr> +<div class="header"> +<p> +Next: <a href="Delete-Breaks.html#Delete-Breaks" accesskey="n" rel="next">Delete Breaks</a>, Previous: <a href="Set-Watchpoints.html#Set-Watchpoints" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Set Watchpoints</a>, Up: <a href="Breakpoints.html#Breakpoints" accesskey="u" rel="up">Breakpoints</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> +</div> + + + +</body> +</html> |