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authorThe Android Open Source Project <initial-contribution@android.com>2009-03-03 18:28:45 -0800
committerThe Android Open Source Project <initial-contribution@android.com>2009-03-03 18:28:45 -0800
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-page.title=Android Application Framework FAQ
-parent.title=FAQs, Tips, and How-to
-parent.link=index.html
-@jd:body
-
-<ul>
- <li><a href="#1">Do all the Activities and Services of an
- application run in a single process?</a></li>
- <li><a href="#2">Do all Activities run in the main thread of
- an application process?</a></li>
- <li><a href="#3">How do I pass complicated data structures
- from one Activity/Service to another?</a></li>
- <li><a href="#4">How can I check if an Activity is already
- running before starting it?</a></li>
- <li><a href="#5">If an Activity starts a remote service,is
- there any way for the Service to pass a message back to the Activity?</a></li>
- <li><a href="#6">How to avoid getting the Application not
- responding dialog?</a></li>
- <li><a href="#7">How does an application know if a package is
- added or removed?</a></li>
-</ul>
-
-<!-- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -->
-
-<a name="1" id="1"></a>
-
-<h2>Do all the Activities and Services of an application run in a
-single process?</h2>
-
-<p>All Activities and Services in an application run in a single process by
-default. If needed, you can declare an <code>android:process</code> attribute
-in your manifest file, to explicitly place a component (Activity/Service) in
-another process.</p>
-
-<!-- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -->
-
-<a name="2" id="2"></a>
-
-<h2>Do all Activities run in the main thread of an application
-process?</h2>
-
-<p>By default, all of the application code in a single process runs
-in the main UI thread. This is the same thread
-that also handles UI events. The only exception is the code that handles
-IPC calls coming in from other processes. The system maintains a
-separate pool of transaction threads in each process to dispatch all
-incoming IPC calls. The developer should create separate threads for any
-long-running code, to avoid blocking the main UI thread.</p>
-
-<!-- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -->
-
-<a name="3" id="3"></a>
-
-<h2>How do I pass data between Activities/Services within a single
-application?</h2>
-
-<p>It depends on the type of data that you want to share:</p>
-
-<h3>Primitive Data Types</h3>
-
-<p>To share primitive data between Activities/Services in an
-application, use Intent.putExtras(). For passing primitive data that
-needs to persist use the
-<a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/data/data-storage.html#preferences">
-Preferences</a> storage mechanism.</p>
-
-<h3>Non-Persistent Objects</h3>
-
-<p>For sharing complex non-persistent user-defined objects for short
-duration, the following approaches are recommended:
-</p>
- <h4>The android.app.Application class</h4>
- <p>The android.app.Application is a base class for those who need to
-maintain global application state. It can be accessed via
-getApplication() from any Activity or Service. It has a couple of
-life-cycle methods and will be instantiated by Android automatically if
-your register it in AndroidManifest.xml.</p>
-
- <h4>A public static field/method</h4>
- <p>An alternate way to make data accessible across Activities/Services is to use <em>public static</em>
-fields and/or methods. You can access these static fields from any other
-class in your application. To share an object, the activity which creates your object sets a
-static field to point to this object and any other activity that wants to use
-this object just accesses this static field.</p>
-
- <h4>A HashMap of WeakReferences to Objects</h4>
- <p>You can also use a HashMap of WeakReferences to Objects with Long
-keys. When an activity wants to pass an object to another activity, it
-simply puts the object in the map and sends the key (which is a unique
-Long based on a counter or time stamp) to the recipient activity via
-intent extras. The recipient activity retrieves the object using this
-key.</p>
-
- <h4>A Singleton class</h4>
- <p>There are advantages to using a static Singleton, such as you can
-refer to them without casting getApplication() to an
-application-specific class, or going to the trouble of hanging an
-interface on all your Application subclasses so that your various
-modules can refer to that interface instead. </p>
-<p>But, the life cycle of a static is not well under your control; so
-to abide by the life-cycle model, the application class should initiate and
-tear down these static objects in the onCreate() and onTerminate() methods
-of the Application Class</p>
-</p>
-
-<h3>Persistent Objects</h3>
-
-<p>Even while an application appears to continue running, the system
-may choose to kill its process and restart it later. If you have data
-that you need to persist from one activity invocation to the next, you
-need to represent that data as state that gets saved by an activity when
-it is informed that it might go away.</p>
-
-<p>For sharing complex persistent user-defined objects, the
-following approaches are recommended:
-<ul>
- <li>Application Preferences</li>
- <li>Files</li>
- <li>contentProviders</li>
- <li>SQLite DB</li>
-</ul>
-</p>
-
-<p>If the shared data needs to be retained across points where the application
-process can be killed, then place that data in persistent storage like
-Application Preferences, SQLite DB, Files or ContentProviders. Please refer to
-the <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/data/data-storage.html">Data Storage</a>
-for further details on how to use these components.</p>
-
-
-<!-- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -->
-
-<a name="4" id="4"></a>
-
-<h2>How can I check if an Activity is already running before starting
-it?</h2>
-
-<p>The general mechanism to start a new activity if its not running&mdash;
-or to bring the activity stack to the front if is already running in the
-background&mdash; is the to use the NEW_TASK_LAUNCH flag in the startActivity()
-call.</p>
-
-<!-- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -->
-
-<a name="5" id="5"></a>
-
-<h2>If an Activity starts a remote service, is there any way for the
-Service to pass a message back to the Activity?</h2>
-
-<p>The remote service can define a callback interface and register it with the
-clients to callback into the clients. The
-{@link android.os.RemoteCallbackList RemoteCallbackList} class provides methods to
-register and unregister clients with the service, and send and receive
-messages.</p>
-
-<p>The sample code for remote service callbacks is given in <a
-href="{@docRoot}guide/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/app/RemoteService.html">ApiDemos/RemoteService</a></p>
-
-<!-- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -->
-
-<a name="6" id="6"></a>
-
-<h2>How to avoid getting the Application not responding dialog?</h2>
-
-<p>Please read the <a href="{@docRoot}guide/practices/design/responsiveness.html">Designing for Responsiveness</a>
-document.</p>
-
-
-<!-- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -->
-
-<a name="7" id="7"></a>
-
-<h2>How does an application know if a package is added or removed?
-</h2>
-
-<p>Whenever a package is added, an intent with PACKAGE_ADDED action
-is broadcast by the system. Similarly when a package is removed, an
-intent with PACKAGE_REMOVED action is broadcast. To receive these
-intents, you should write something like this:
-<pre>
- &lt;receiver android:name ="com.android.samples.app.PackageReceiver"&gt;
- &lt;intent-filter&gt;
- &lt;action android:name="android.intent.action.PACKAGE_ADDED"/&gt;
- &lt;action android:name="android.intent.action.PACKAGE_REMOVED"/&gt;
-
- &lt;data android:scheme="package" /&gt;
- &lt;/intent-filter&gt;
- &lt;/receiver&gt;
- </pre>
- <br>
-Here PackageReceiver is a BroadcastReceiver class.Its onReceive()
-method is invoked, every time an application package is installed or
-removed.
-
-</p>
-
-<!-- ------------------------------------------------------------------ -->
-